I've always found C++/C the best. Python is also a good approach, though, and you can also get most things done well enough in Java. Alice is good for 3D stuff, though the lack of being able to make a stand-alone program stinks.

You can find classes for these easily with a few internet searches. And if you have guick questions about programming or specific code, check out Stack Overflow. And most IDEs for programming languages have tutorials or help files, or things like that.
-Jrr